Numerous modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors have been identified that contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients. We reviewed several clinical studies and journal articles to identify these risk factors in an attempt to risk stratify chronic kidney disease patients who are candidates for renal transplantation. Cardiovascular disease has been identified as the leading cause of death with graft function among renal transplant recipients. No single test or diagnostic modality has been found to provide complete diagnostic and prognostic information. Hence, a combination of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic data is essential to risk stratify renal transplantation candidates.