Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. In fact, coronary events are responsible for one of every six deaths per year in the United States. Since 1984, more women than men have died of heart disease. Research has shown that there are significant differences in pathophysiology, screening, and treatment between men and women with coronary disease. Future research is needed to explain the sex-specific issues that have led to assumptions about the screening and treatment of coronary artery disease in women, which in turn have led to undertreatment and suboptimal care.