Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 3%-10% of the Western population and if remains untreated can have devastating consequences to patients and their families. This review article analyzes how healthy dietary habits can decrease PAD rates when applied in the general population. The aim is to focus on dietary, nutritional and weight management interventions in patients with established PAD. Most adults with PAD are overweight or obese, while three out of four patients are characterized by deficiencies in vitamins and minerals. Weight loss interventions when needed and specialized dietary plans should be routinely recommended in patients with PAD. Appropriate nutritional support is of paramount importance in patients with advanced stages of PAD (critical limb ischemia).
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Review
Nutrition, dietary habits, and weight management to prevent and treat patients with peripheral artery disease
Marios Sagris1, Damianos G Kokkinidis2,3,*, Ioannis G. Lempesis4,5,6, Stefanos Giannopoulos7, Loukianos Rallidis8, Carlos Mena-Hurtado2,3, Christos Bakoyiannis9
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1
General Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus, 184 54, Athens, Greece
2
Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University/Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
3
Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510, CT, USA
4
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
5
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
6
Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX, Maastricht, the Netherlands
7
Division of Cardiology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver, 80309, CO, USA
8
2nd Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10561, Athens, Greece
9
First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
*Correspondence: damianos.kokkinidis@yale.edu (Damianos G Kokkinidis)
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2020, 21(4), 565–575;
https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.202
Submitted: 1 October 2020 | Revised: 29 October 2020 | Accepted: 3 November 2020 | Published: 30 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and cardiovascular disease)
Copyright: © 2020 Sagris et al. Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Abstract
Keywords
Peripheral artery disease
critical limb ischemia
nutrition
diets
weight loss
prevention
treatment