IMR Press / RCM / Volume 22 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2202041
Open Access Review
COVID-19 and cardiovascular system—a comprehensive review
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1 Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 62529 Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, 62529 Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3 Sree NRJV Specialists Dental Clinic, 560097 Bangalore, India
4 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 3217 Geelong, Australia
5 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
*Correspondence: jhosmani@kku.edu.sa (Jagadish Hosmani)
Academic Editor: Peter A. McCullough
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021, 22(2), 343–351; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2202041
Submitted: 22 February 2021 | Revised: 27 April 2021 | Accepted: 28 April 2021 | Published: 30 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Utilizing Technology in the COVID 19 era)
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mystified cryptic virus has challenged the mankind that has brought life to a standstill. Catastrophic loss of life, perplexed healthcare system and the downfall of global economy are some of the outcomes of this pandemic. Humans are raging a war with an unknown enemy. Infections, irrespective of age and gender, and more so in comorbidities are escalating at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of death globally with an estimate of 31% of deaths worldwide out of which nearly 85% are due to heart attacks and stroke. Theoretically and practically, researchers have observed that persons with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are comparatively more vulnerable to the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, they have studied the data between less severe and more severe cases, survivors and non survivors, intensive care unit (ICU) patients and non ICU patients, to analyse the relationship and the influence of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health of an individual, further the risk of susceptibility to submit to the virus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive particular on the possible effects, either direct or indirect, of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular heath of an individual.

Keywords
ACE2
Cardiovascular disorders
Comorbidities
COVID-19
Figures
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