IMR Press / RCM / Volume 22 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2204177
Open Access Original Research
Relationship between non-culprit lesion plaque characteristics changes and in-stent neoatherosclerosis formation: 1-year follow-up optical coherence tomography study
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1 Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 150000 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
*Correspondence: dr_huangxingtao@163.com (Xingtao Huang); jingbohou@163.com (Jingbo Hou)
These authors contributed equally.
Academic Editors: Brian Tomlinson and Takatoshi Kasai
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021, 22(4), 1693–1700; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2204177
Submitted: 18 August 2021 | Revised: 26 October 2021 | Accepted: 8 November 2021 | Published: 22 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cardiovascular Medicine in Asia 2021)
Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Abstract

The relationship between the in-stent neoatherosclerosis (ISNA) formation and the plaque’s characteristic changes in the non-culprit lesion is unclear. We aim to investigate the plaque characteristics changes at non-culprit lesions between patients with ISNA and without ISNA formation at 1-year follow-up. We retrospectively enrolled patients who had DES implantation in de novo lesion and underwent immediately after stenting and 1-year follow-up optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. OCT-defined ISNA was defined as the presence of lipid-laden neointima or calcification within the culprit stent with a longitudinal extension of 1 mm. Non-culprit lesions were divided into two groups: ISNA group (with ISNA) and non-ISNA group (without ISNA). Plaque characteristics of non-culprit lesions were evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up. In total, 89 patients with 89 non-culprit lesions (ISNA: n = 37; non-ISNA: n = 52) were included in the analyses. The lesions in the ISNA group show a smaller minimum lumen area compared to the non-ISNA group at 1-year follow-up (2.57 ± 1.08 mm2 versus 3.20 ± 1.62 mm2, p = 0.044). The lesions of the ISNA group show a significant decrease in minimum lumen area changes percent (–7.25% versus 6.46%, p = 0.039). And there are more lesions with minimum lumen area (64.9% versus 38.5%, p = 0.014) and minimum lumen diameter (64.9% versus 40.4%, p = 0.023) decrease in the ISNA group. Furthermore, the lesions in ISNA group have more plaques with lipid core length increase (25.0% versus 10.0%, p = 0.040), more plaques with FCT decrease (50.0% versus 74.0%, p = 0.027) and less TCFA change to non-TCFA (33.3% versus 87.5%, p = 0.010). The plaque characteristic changes in non-culprit lesions are closely related to ISNA formation. The ISNA formation may accompany by a tardier plaque stabilization process in non-culprit lesions.

Keywords
Optical coherence tomography
Neoatherosclerosis
Non-culprit lesion
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