Background: The objective was to explore the impact of different
delivery methods on maternal and infant outcomes in women with a prolonged second
stage of labor and a fetus with a persistent occipital posterior position.
Methods: 60 women with a fetus in the occipital
posterior position who underwent obstetric low forceps-assisted delivery were
selected as the study group according to the order of delivery, and 40 women who
underwent cesarean section during the same period were selected as study group 1
according to the order of delivery. We compared the maternal-related indicators
and neonatal outcome-related indicators of the two groups. Then,
we selected women in chronological order during the same period to be included in
control group 2 (60 primiparous women with a fetus in the occipital anterior
position who underwent low forceps-assisted delivery during the same period) for
comparison with the study group. Results: The time of fetal head
delivery, postpartum hemorrhage rate, hospitalization time, average
hospitalization cost, and number of cases of postpartum infection in the group
with a fetus in the occipital posterior position and low forceps-assisted
delivery were significantly lower than those in the cesarean section group
(p 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the
1-minute Apgar score, umbilical artery blood gas pH value, or number of neonatal
injuries between the cesarean section group and the group with a fetus in the
occipital posterior position with forceps-assisted delivery (p
0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in the
complication-related indicators between the group with a fetus in the occipital
posterior position with forceps-assisted delivery and the group with a fetus in
the occipital anterior position with forceps-assisted delivery. The two groups
had second-degree lacerations, cervical lacerations, vaginal wall lacerations,
and vaginal wall hematomas. There was no statistically significant difference in
the comparison of urinary retention (p 0.05), and there was no
statistically significant difference between the group with a fetus in the
occipital posterior position and forceps-assisted delivery and the group with a
fetus in the occipital anterior position and forceps-assisted delivery in the
comparison of related indicators of neonatal outcomes and pelvic floor
reexamination at the Aa and Ap points 42 days after delivery (p
0.05). Conclusions: The use of low forceps for women with a prolonged
second stage of labor and a fetus in a persistent occipital posterior position
can effectively shorten the time of fetal head delivery, reduce postpartum
bleeding, reduce the incidence of postpartum infection, shorten the
hospitalization time, and reduce average hospitalization costs and does not
increase adverse neonatal outcomes.