Academic Editors: Carmela Rita Balistreri and Davide Bolignano
Endothelial activation and dysfunction is an important contributor to
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal syndrome. Endothelial
dysfunction is also linked with metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. The
search for specific and sensitive biomarkers of endothelial activation and
dysfunction may have important clinical implications. This review pinpoints the
differences in biomarkers between endothelial activation and endothelial
dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases, and then briefly describes the most
relevant biomarkers of endothelial activation. Biomarkers of endothelial
activation include endothelial adhesion molecules, cytokines, C-reactive protein,
CD62E