IMR Press / RCM / Volume 23 / Issue 7 / DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2307237
Open Access Original Research
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock
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1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
2 Medizinische Klinik I, St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
3 Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
*Correspondence: christina.grothusen@uksh.de (Christina Grothusen)
Academic Editors: Karim Bendjelid and Raphael Giraud
Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022, 23(7), 237; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2307237
Submitted: 18 January 2022 | Revised: 5 May 2022 | Accepted: 10 May 2022 | Published: 24 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiogenic Shock)
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract

Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) remains associated with a high rate of mortality and disabling morbidity. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is seldom considered in this setting due to the fear of peri-operative complications. Here, we analysed the outcome of CS patients undergoing CABG within 48 hours after diagnosed with AMI. Methods: A single-center, retrospective data analysis was performed in 220 AMI patients with CS that underwent CABG within 48 hours between 01/2001 and 01/2018. Results: 141 patients were diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 79 with non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Median age was 67 (60; 72) for STEMI, and 68 (60.8; 75.0) years for NSTEMI patients (p = 0.190). 52.5% of STEMI patients and 39.2% of NSTEMI patients had suffered from cardiac arrest (CA) pre-operatively (p = 0.049). Coronary 3-vessel disease was present in most patients (78.0% STEMI vs 83.5% NSTEMI; p = 0.381). Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were performed in 32.6% STEMI and 27.8% NSTEMI patients (p = 0.543) prior to surgery. Time from diagnosis to surgery was shorter in STEMI patients (3.92 (2.67; 5.98) vs 7.50 (4.78; 16.74) hours; p < 0.001). A complete revascularization was achieved in 82.3% of STEMI and 73.4% of NSTEMI cases (p = 0.116). Post-operative low cardiac output occurred in 14.2% of STEMI vs 8.9% of NSTEMI patients (p = 0.289). The rate of cerebrovascular injury–including hypoxic brain damage was 12.1% for STEMI and 10.1% among NSTEMI patients. (p = 0.825). 30-day mortality was 32.6% after STEMI vs 31.6% in NSTEMI cases (p = 0.285). Conclusions: In contrast to the discouraging data concerning the role of PCI in AMI patients with CS and complex coronary artery disease, CABG may represent a treatment option worth considering.

Keywords
cardiogenic shock
acute myocardial infarction
CABG
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