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Airway local endoscopic pharmacological treatment; current applications and future concepts
Paul Zarogoulidis1,2,*, Christoforos Kosmidis1, Konstantinos Sapalidis1, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt3, Dimitris Matthaios4, Kosmas Tsakiridis5, Aimilios Lallas6, Chong Bai7, Haidong Huang7, Christos Arnaoutoglou8, Aris Ioannidis9, Chrysanthi Sardeli10
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1
3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
2
Department of Pulmonary Oncology, “Bioclinic” Private Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology/Pulmonology/Intensive Care/Nephrology, “Hof’’ Clinics, University of Erlangen, 95030 Hof, Germany
4
Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Rhodes, 85100 Rhodes, Greece
5
Department of Thoracic Oncology, “Interbalkan” European Medical Center, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
6
First Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
7
Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 200011 Shanghai, China
8
1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
9
Department of Surgery, “Genesis” Private Clinic, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
10
Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
*Correspondence: pzarog@hotmail.com (Paul Zarogoulidis)
Academic Editor: Giulia M. Stella
Academic Editor: Giulia M. Stella
Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022, 27(1), 36;
https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2701036
Submitted: 12 November 2021 | Revised: 1 January 2022 | Accepted: 7 January 2022 | Published: 19 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy)
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Abstract
Introduction: Local treatment of the airways and lung parenchyma has been used in clinical practice for several years for a variety of diseases. Methods: A variety of endoscopic tools for local treatment exist, especially for treating malignancies. Using these endoscopic tools, one can administer drugs specifically designed for the airways. Discussion: This article presents all locally administered treatment options and provides useful insights for future local endoscopically applied treatments.
Keywords
Bronchoscopy
Hemostasis
Drug
Stents
Sirolimus
Everolimus
Zotarolimus
Cisplatin
Taxanes
Antibiotics
Interferon
Anti-VEGF
EBUS
Figures
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