Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours,Tours, France; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow University, Moscow, RussiaInterests: centrosome; centriole; cilia; flagella; cytoskeleton; mitosis; cell cycle
Dear Colleagues,
The centrosome and its constituent centrioles are perhaps the most amazing components of the eukaryotic cell. During evolution, centrioles first appeared in ancient unicellular flagellates as the basal bodies of the flagella. The striking geometrically regular spatial organization, combining ninth-order symmetry in the transverse direction and polar organization in the longitudinal direction, makes the centriole a unique component of the cell.
The function of forming flagella and cilia is also preserved in multicellular organisms - in ciliated epithelial cells and sperm. However, during evolution, centrioles acquired other important cellular functions. This was due to the fact that microtubule nucleation centers located in the centrosome nucleated not only MT cilia, but also cytoplasmic microtubules and mitotic spindle microtubules. As a result, the centrosome also became the transport center of the cell, into which protein complexes and even entire cellular organelles are transported via microtubules with the help of motor proteins. During evolutionary development, the centrosome became a special point in the cell where many regulatory molecules concentrate and interact with each other.
Currently, the centrosome continues to be the object of intensive study by cell biologists, which is largely due to the role of the centrosome in the development of various human diseases, since disturbances in the activity of the centrosome can lead to malignant degeneration of cells. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in studying the biochemical composition of the centrosome. The protein complex underlying the 9-fold symmetry of centrioles was discovered, and proteins responsible for centriole duplication and the growth of centriolar microtubules were discovered. However, many aspects of centrosome function remain incompletely understood. These include the process of formation of centrioles and centrosomes during embryonic development, the nature of differences in the formation of centrosomes in different groups of organisms, and the mechanisms and significance of the elimination of centrioles in terminally differentiated cells. In this special issue, we hope to see papers that will help us better understand how centrosomes function in cells.
Prof. Rustem Uzbekov
Guest Editor
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