Disruption of lipoprotein metabolism plays an important role in the development of several cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. This review examines the importance of different types of lipoproteins and the role they play in the development of dyslipidemia in obesity. The causes and consequences associated with the disruption of lipid metabolism and its significance in the pathogenesis of obesity are considered. The relationship between such pathological processes, which occur alongside obesity as dyslipidemia and inflammation, is determined. In view of the current efficacy and toxicity limitations of currently approved drugs, natural compounds as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of obesity are considered in the review. The complex mechanisms of lipid metabolism normalization in obesity found for these compounds can serve as one of the confirmations of their potential efficacy in treating obesity. Nanoparticles can serve as carriers for the considered drugs, which can improve their pharmacokinetic properties.