Serum 5′-Nucleotidase as a Novel Predictor of Adverse Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Mikereyi Aimaitijiang¹, Ting-Ting Wu¹, Ying-Ying Zheng¹, Xian-Geng Hou¹, Haitao Yang¹, Yi Yang¹, Xiang Xie^1,*

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¹ Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

^*Correspondence: xiangxie999@sina.com (Xiang Xie)

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 2024, 25(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2501017

Submitted: 31 May 2023 | Revised: 31 August 2023 | Accepted: 5 September 2023 | Published: 10 January 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Heart Diseases)

This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Abstract

Background: The correlation between 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -Nucleotidase (5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT) and the clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not clear. This study aims to clarify this relationship. Methods: The PRACTICE study enrolled 15,250 patients between December 2016 and October 2021. After filtering out those without 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT data, a total of 6555 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 24 months. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT level of 5.57 U/L was selected as the optimal cutoff value. All research samples were divided into high-value ( $\geq$ 5.57 U/L, n = 2346) and low-value groups ( $<$ 5.57 U/L, n = 4209). Key clinical outcomes included all-cause death (ACD), cardiovascular death (CD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). After separating patients into high and low value groups, multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to correct for potential confounding variables. Finally, risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: During the follow-up period, 129 instances of ACD were recorded—49 cases (1.2%) in the low-value group and 80 cases (3.4%) in the high-value group. Similarly, 102 CDs occurred, including 42 low-value group cases (1.0%) and 60 high-value group cases (2.6%). A total of 363 MACE occurred, including 198 low-value group cases (4.7%) and 165 high-value group cases (7%). A total of 397 cases of MACCE occurred, including 227 low-value group cases (5.4%) and 170 high-value group cases (7.2%). As serum 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT increased, the incidence of ACD, CD, MACE and MACCE increased. After multivariate Cox regression, high 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT levels were linked with a 1.63-fold increase in ACD risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.630, 95% CI: [1.770–3.908], p $<$ 0.001) when compared to low 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT patients. Similarly, the risk of CD, MACE, and MACCE increased by 1.298-fold (HR = 2.298, 95% CI: [1.477–3.573], p $<$ 0.001), 41% (HR = 1.410, 95% CI: [1.124–1.768], p = 0.003) and 30.5% (HR = 1.305, 95% CI: [1.049–1.623], p = 0.017), respectively. Conclusions: high serum 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT levels were independently correlated with adverse clinical outcomes in CAD patients following PCI, affirming its potential as a prognostic indicator.

Keywords

5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT)

coronary artery disease (CAD)

CD73

prognosis

Funding

82000238/National Natural Science Foundation of China

82170345/National Natural Science Foundation of China

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Fig. 1.

Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -NT, 5 ${{}^{\prime}}$ -nucleotidase; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MACCE, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

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Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. Print ISSN 1530-6550 Electronic ISSN 2153-8174